The medium-term impact was an institution that fought modernity tooth and nail until well into the 20th century. The initial inspiration for the series Catholic Enlightenment was a reaction to an injustice. There was the Spanish proto-feminist Josefa Amar; Laura Caterina Bassi, who became the first woman in European history to receive a university professorship, in experimental physics; Maria Gaetana Agnesi, a mathematician and theologian who followed Bassi to a university chair; the Spanish Benedictine monk, Benito Feijoo, who advocated women’s education and vigorously attacked popular Catholic superstitions; the Lisbon-born priest and lawyer Ribeiro Rocha, who called for an end to slavery; the Benedictine monk Benedict Werkmeister, who criticized the veneration of saints; and many others beside. In 1648, the 30 Or you can do a little research and then respond. Enlightenment partisans cited numerous examples of the Church's perfidy in this regard, the most notorious of which was its persecution of Galileo. In Portugal, the powerful minister Marquis de Pombal stated in a royal decree that Portugal’s Christian subjects in East Africa and Asia should have the same legal status irrespective of color, and even made it illegal to call Indians “mestizos, niggers, dogs, bitches” and other derogatory names. He is the award-winning author of several scholarly works on early modern and modern history of religion. In Austria, Empress Maria Theresa and her son Joseph II passed laws to emancipate Protestants. uuid:b55732c4-a8d1-11b2-0a00-782dad000000 This was deism. endobj 32 0 obj I�u>����@I��v����6�}���:�X���a2��&�;�ew�|�� ��a���nH���h��{��+��ɢ6\Z��n�I�1���6z? 2018-06-06T10:16:04-07:00 <>/MediaBox[0 0 595.29 841.89]/Parent 11 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/TrimBox[0.0 86.4875 591.625 841.89]/Type/Page>> The German school of theological Rationalism formed a part of the more general movement of the eighteenth-century "Enlightenment". Lehner, Professor of Religious History and Historical Theology at Marquette University in the US, begins where every history of the Enlightenment must: namely in the shadow of Peter Gay and Jonathan Israel. Lehner points out that it was often Catholic governments that served as the main sponsors of enlightened reforms. They attacked early versions of scientific racism in India and the Spanish colonies. The church disagreed with the idea that critical reason alone was "enlightenment" and encouraged scholars to bring reason to the study of Scripture and tradition. The thinkers and writers of the Enlightenment used it to attack the Church first, then eventually religious belief itself, as being against reason. heart outlined. The short-term result was thoroughgoing reaction, as those early 19th century Catholics who advocated rights, toleration, biblical criticism, and scientific progress were pushed to, or over, the edges of the Church. The Catholic Enlightenment is neither an oxymoron nor wishful thinking. The short-term result was thoroughgoing reaction, as those early 19th century Catholics who advocated rights, toleration, biblical criticism, and scientific progress were pushed to, or over, the edges of the Church. Select the correct answer. endobj The Catholic Enlighteners were guilty by association. the Catholic church tried to suppress the scientific revolution and jailed Any one who went against the law of the church. When do we want it? 9th - 12th grade. x��Y�r�6}�W�Gg�Apݧx���N�i��%�". 10 0 obj The Impact of the Enlightenment on Christianity By: Maggie Broderick, Mia Massaro, and Mike Higgins Effects on Christianity Major Events The Enlightenment In 1633, the Pope prosecuted Galileo for his promotion of the heliocentric theory about the solar system. His story covers North and South America, China, India, and Europe, and he explores everything from church reform, education, and science to political toleration, women’s equality, and the rights of indigenous people. endobj Appligent AppendPDF Pro 5.5 One of the main reasons for this policy was to attract skilled and wealthy immigrants, as well as to grant people the freedom to practice whatever religion they wanted. As Lehner writes, “if only anti-religious thinkers were enlightened, then there could not be a Catholic Enlightenment.” Yet, as he proceeds to show in 250 pages of readable and well-paced prose, there were plenty of Catholic enlighteners. Especially in France, the center of the European Enlightenment, the Catholic Church was seen as an oppressor -- along with the aristocracy -- of individual freedom and reason because of its dogmatism and insistence on being the only source of truth. ... the Catholic Church should exercise absolute rule over Europe. endobj <> <> <> Enlightenment was perceived by authorities across Europe to have led to Revolution in France, from Revolution to Terror, from Terror to Bonaparte, and from Bonaparte to a generation of war. Lehner has done a first rate job in resurrecting a long-forgotten and often inspiring tradition—and, crucially, how it ended, which was, in a word: badly. D. The protestant reformation was a revolution involving Luther's ideas. The relationship between science and the Catholic Church is a widely debated subject. Catholic enlighteners shared the radicals’ antipathy towards superstition, prejudice, and “enthusiasm.” They debated civil marriage, divorce, and clerical celibacy. It has been prolific in the foundation and funding of schools, universities, and hospitals, and many clergy have been active in the sciences. France The Catholic Church was a national one; French Protestants (Huguenots) were severely persecuted Two schools of thought developed from the nationalism in France Ultramontanism: France should align itself with the papacy in Rome Gallicanism: France The movement (to the extent that it was a movement) is not populated by a handful of stellar names—it boasts no Voltaire-Kant-Hume-Diderot pantheon—but rather a host of minor characters that you will search for in vain in other histories of the Enlightenment. Allied to this point is the question of truth. 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